A Research Methodology On Marketing Strategy And Motivation

4.0. Methodology This section explores the research methodology used. It is split into 5 segments. These include the research approach, design, data collection, analysis and ethical considerations. To summarise, the research takes an interpretive approach to understanding internationalisation strategy and motivation. This section outlines the use of a qualitative research design, implementing non-probability sampling to gather information from the sampling units. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with international marketing managers (sampling unit) that represented each of the institutions. These interviews have been transcribed – See Appendix 1. Once transcribed, data was analysed using open coding, in accordance with Strauss and Corbin’s (1997) grounded theory. Finally, the methodology considers ethical issues related to anonymity of each institution. 4.1. Research Approach Saunders et al (2009) define paradigm as a process of understanding and identifying social phenomena. Burrell and Morgan (1979) developed a framework to understand the four major paradigms of social theory. These include, radical humanist, radical structuralist, interpretive and functionalist – See Figure 3. Figure 3: The four paradigms of social theory (Saunders et al, 2009, p.120) The bottom-left segment represents the interpretive paradigm, influenced by the subjectivist and regulative conceptual dimensions. Subjectivism is concerned with understanding the meanings associatedShow MoreRelatedThe Radio And Media Company1133 Words   |  5 Pagesexperimenting different way of doing the marketing strategies, because it is one of the best way we can learn to get better and also i got to do it on a live dynamic market it has given me a lot of input about the do s and don ts on the marketing business. The purpose of the report is to write about my research done about the company and their business during my internship period and explain my findings and views about the JAMROCK RADIO AND MEDIA Company. I have done a research about the current radio industriesRead MoreRedesigning Product Lines with Conjoint Analysis: How Sunbeam Does It1364 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral methodologies in a first pass of analysis using conjoint analysis in conjunction with measures of orthogonality showing statistical significance. A second pass through the data using more refined segmentation and pricing scenarios accurately predicts a slight market share gain (Page, Rosenbaum, 1987). The paper celebrates this yet it is no major accomplishment against competitors who barely are impacted through the simulations. 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Roman and Early Christian Architecture Free Essays

Explain the techniques used by roman architects and describe the types of buildings they created. Use examples to support your essay. The building techniques the Roman architects used were the arches and domes. We will write a custom essay sample on Roman and Early Christian Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now They were very skilled at building with bricks and stones. These materials helped them develop new roof forms. To create arches they used wedge-shaped stones or bricks called vigorous. They placed the narrow ends on the inside of the arch and the wide ends on the outside. The Romans typically used round or pointed arches to span openings n walls or to support heavy roofs. One of the arch buildings they created was the Arch of Constantine. It is the latest triumphal arch in Rome. It was also the largest setup in Rome since the end of the Severna dynasty. Much of the decorations provided were from earlier monuments of Trojan, Hadrian, and Marcus Tutorials. They included the heads of the earlier emperors. The Pantheon was the dome creation. This was the Temple of all Gods. The dome of the Pantheon is 142 feet high. It provides light entering through a central opening to the sky. Pantheon’s dome is still the world’s largest unrecorded concrete dome to this date. Sanitaria, G. M. (2011, September). Roman architecture. Retrieved from http:// www. Marilynn. Com/ancient Rome/roman architecture. HTML 2. What features did Early Christian architects take from Roman builders, and what new techniques did they develop? Discuss specific features from three buildings. The features that the Early Christian architects took from Roman builders were the arches and domes. But with new techniques they developed such as the flying turrets. For example the Old Saint Peter church resembled Roman basilicas. It had a wide central nave with side aisles and an apse at the end. Unlike Roman basilicas, instead of doorways on one long side opening onto an aisle, they had an obvious long axis opening. When the worshipers arrived in Saint Peters nave, they were able to view the altar in the apse, framed by the chancel arch dividing the nave from the transept. Santa Sabina is another basilicas church. It is famed for its 5th-century wooden doors that have biblical scenes carved in them. It also has 24 columns of marble completely coordinated with Corinthian columns and bases. The spandrels of the arches have decorative marble designs in green and purple to represent the Eucharist. The Santa Stanza Church design was along the favorite of the Western Christian world. One of the most important historical aspects of Santa Stanza were the use of Apses and Central Dome which give prime examples of early Christian art and architecture. Klein, F. S. Gardener’s Art Through the Ages; The Western Perspective. Fourth teen Edition. How to cite Roman and Early Christian Architecture, Papers

The Density of Glass for A Graphical Determination

Question: Disucss about The Density of Glass for A Graphical Determination? Answer: Purpose The main purpose of this experiment is to create a graph which will be used for the determination of the density of the glass i.e. in this case glass marbles. Introduction (A) Density (D) - Density is a physical property of a substance which is generally used to identify that substance. Density (D) may be explained as the ratio of the mass (m) of a substance to the volume (v) occupied by that mass. Density is an intensive property of a matter thus it can be said that the value of density of a matter is independent of the quantity of the matter present. It generally shows how tightly matter is crammed together. The formula for density is given as follows: D= Mass/ Volume or D= m/v The density may be expressed as: g/cm3 or g/mL (1cm3 = 1mL) (B) Indirect Measurement- Indirect Measurement may be defined as a measuring approach to measure things using alternative measurements and properties. Indirect measurement generally involves properties such as Pythagoras theorem, proportions, similar triangles or polygons and others. (C) % Deviation- Percentage deviation may be defined as the measure of how much the mean of a set data differs from the known theoretical value. The formula for the Percentage (%) deviation may be given as follows: Percentage Error = [(Observed value True Value) / True Value] 100 % (D) Dependent variable Dependent Variable may be defined as the variable which is measured in an experiment. The dependent variable generally depends upon the independent variables. For example in this experiment density of glass is the dependent variable. (E) Independent Variable An independent variable may be defined as the variable that can be changed during an experiment. It does not change due to the changes in the other variable. In this example the Mass of water and mass of glass are the examples of independent variable. These variables are generally used to establish some relationship to determine what effect is caused in the dependent variables due to the changes made in the independent variable. (F) Slope of a Line The slope of a line may be defined as the ratio of the amount of by which values on the Y-axis of a graph increases when certain amount is increased in the values in X-axis. Slope of the line how steep is the line, i.e. how much y increases as x increases. The value of the slope is constant everywhere in the line. The slope of a line may be expressed as: Slope = (change in y)/ (change in x) or m = y / x (G) Straight Line Equation Form- It may be described as straight line on the coordinate plane which can be described by the following equation: y = mx + b Where, x, y = Coordinates of any point on the line m= slope of the line b = It is the intercept (where the line crosses the y- axis) The straight line equation form is generally used for two main purposes which are: as a compact way of defining a particular line and to locate all the points on a line. (H) Primary Date - Primary data may be defined as the data which is either observed or collected from the first-hand experience during an experiment or observation. (I) Secondary data Secondary data may be defined as the information that is obtained after interpreting or evaluating the primary data. Diagram Procedure Following is the procedure for conducting the experiment: 1) Put on your safety goggles and Lab apron: 2) Take 100 mL graduated cylinder and fill with about 40mL of tap water. Record this on your primary data table. 3) Make Sure that the above volume is out to the correct precision. 4) Find the combined mass of the graduate cylinder and tap water. Record this on your primary data table. 5) Using your container of glass marbles, take out one marble and place it into the water in the graduate cylinder. Record both the new volume and the new mass into your primary data table. 6) Continue the above process for all the fifteen marbles that are in your container. 7) When completed, pour out the excess water into the drain and place the wet marbles on a paper towel for drying and returning to its container. Primary Data Table Trial Mass of water GC Glass(g) Volume of water Glass marbles (mL) 0 ( Zero Marble) 179.44 g 40.0 mL 1 183.76 g 41.0 mL 2 188.13 g 42.0 mL 3 192.27 g 44.0 mL 4 196.61 g 46.0 mL 5 202.30 g 48.0 mL 6 206.75 g 50.0 mL 7 210 .22 g 52.0 mL 8 214.32 g 54.0 mL 9 218.07 g 56.0 mL 10 222.33 g 58.0 mL 11 226.51 g 60.0 mL 12 230.89 g 61.0 mL 13 235.09 g 62.0 mL 14 239.07 g 63.0 mL 15 243.35 g 64.0 mL Processing the data (Secondary data) 1) For the trial #1 as a sample calculation, determine the mass of the glass in the graduate cylinder. From the Primary data table we can obtain the following data, i) The Mass of water+ Mass of Graduated cylinder+ Mass of Glass marble for Trail #1 = 183.76g-------- (a) ii) The Mass of Water + Mass of Graduated cylinder from Trial #0 = 179.44 g ------- (b) Thus, the in order to obtain the mass of the glass marble for the Trial #1 , subtract (b) from (a). Hence, (183.76 179.44) g = 4.32 g The mass of the glass marble for the Trial #1 is 4.32 g. 2) Place the above mass of glass for trail #1 in the secondary data table. 3) There is now no need to show the method again, but simply place the total glass mass that was in the graduate cylinder for the rest of the 15 trials in the secondary data table. 4) For the trail# 1 as a sample calculation, determine the volume of the glass marble in the graduate cylinder. From the Primary data table we can obtain the following data, i) (Volume of the water + Volume of marble) for Trial #1 = 41.0 mL --------- (a) ii) Volume of water for the trial #0 = 40.0 mL -------- (b) Thus the volume of glass marble in the graduate cylinder = (a) (b) = 1.0 mL. 5) Place the above volume of glass for trial #1 in the secondary data table. 6) Determine the volume of the total glass in the graduate cylinder for each of the remaining trials and place the data in the secondary data table. 7) For trial #1 as a sample calculation, determine the density of the glass marble in the graduate cylinder for each of the remaining trials and place that data in the secondary data table. We know that the Density(D) = Mass/ volume For the trial #1, Mass (m) = 4.32 g Volume of the Glass marble (v) = 1.0 mL Thus, D = m/v = 4.32/ 1.0 = 4.32 g/mL Thus the density of the glass marble for the trial #1 is 4.32 g/mL. 8) Determine the density of the total glass in the graduate cylinder for each of the remaining trials and place that data in the secondary data table. 9) Using your secondary data table and the graphing handout sheet, construct a graph of Mass of glass versus volume of glass versus volume of the glass. Secondary data table Trial # Mass of Glass (g) Volume of Glass (mL) Density of Glass (g/mL) 1 4.32 g 1.0 mL 4.3 (g/mL) 2 8.69 g 2.0 mL 4.3 (g/mL) 3 12.83 g 4.0 mL 3.2 (g/mL) 4 17.17 g 6.0 mL 2.9 (g/mL) 5 22.86 g 8.0 mL 2.9 (g/mL) 6 27.31 g 10.0 mL 2.73 (g/mL) 7 30.78 g 11.0 mL 2.79 (g/mL) 8 34.88 g 13.0 ml 2.68 (g/mL) 9 38.63 g 15.0 mL 2.58 (g/mL) 10 42.89 g 16.0 mL 2.68 (g/mL) 11 47.07 g 18.0 mL 2.62 (g/mL) 12 51.45 g 20.0 mL 2.57 (g/mL) 13 55.65 g 21.0 mL 2.65 (g/mL) 14 59.63 g 23.0 mL 2.59 (g/mL) 15 63.91 g 24.0 ml 2.66 (g/mL) Graph Conclusions and Questions 1) The main purpose of this experiment is to determine the density of the class marble from the Graph of mass vs volume. 2) The range of Density may be calculated from the Difference between the maximum value of density and the minimum value of density. Thus Range of Density = Dmax DMin = (4.3 2.57) g/mL = 1.73 mL 3) The percentage deviation is determined in the following manner, of all the density = 44.15 g/mL Arithmetic mean = 44.15/15 = 2.94 Percent Deviation = [(4.3 -2.94)/2.94] 100 = 46.25% 4) The easiest instrument that was used during the experiment was scale. It was easier to use because there was very little chances of the error in reading in scale and it is easier to take reading from a scale. 5) a) Weight = 0.250 pounds = 113.398gm Density obtained from the graph = 2. 94 g/mL Volume = 113.398/2.94 = 38.57 mL b) Dimensions of glass window are as follows: Length = 32 inch = 81.28 cm Breadth = 22 inch = 55.88 cm Width = 0.125 inch = 0.3175 cm Volume = L B W = (81.28 55.88 0.3175)cm = 1442.06 cm3 1000 cm3 = 1 L Thus, 1442.06 cm3 = 1.442 L = 1442 mL Mass = 1442 2.94 = 4239.48 g

Martin Luther King And Malcolm X - Two Views, One Cause Essays

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - Two Views, One Cause Many black authors and leaders of the sixties shared similar feelings towards the white run American society in which they lived. Malcolm X, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Stokely Carmichael all blamed the whites for the racism which existed. However, they agreed that it was up to the black society to end this problem. Using the black society, each of the authors had their own idea of how racism could be stopped. Unfortunately, for some, such as Malcolm X, this involved the use of violence, while others, such as King, favored the non-violent approach. This paper will focus, for the most part, on Malcolm X and King because they are both strong representations of two different approaches to a common goal. Perhaps their different approaches of violence and nonviolence stem from their original opinions of how capable the whites are of being "good". Not all of the whites involved in the problem of racism supported it. Some were actually trying to help fight for the blacks. Unfortunately, it took Malcolm X a long time to figure that out. Malcolm's paper, "The Ballot or the Bullet," makes that clear. In his paper, he is constantly criticizing whites as a whole. He does not consider, even for a moment, that a white could actually support equality for all men. "Usually, it's the white man who grins at you the most, and pats you on the back, and is supposed to be your friend. He may be friendly, but he's not your friend" (261). However, in a later work of his, "1965," one can see that Malcolm was learning to accept whites as possible allies. I tried in every speech I made to clarify my new position regarding white people - 'I don't speak against the sincere, well meaning, good white people. I have learned that there are some. I have learned that not all white people are racists' (367). Yet, while Malcolm learned over a period of time that not all whites are evil, King entered the scene already fully aware that "good" whites existed. In fact, where Malcolm underestimated the goodness in whites, King seems to have overestimated it. He talks about his overestimating of goodness in "Letter from Birmingham Jail." "I guess I should have realized that few members of a race that has oppressed another race can understand...the deep groans and passionate yearnings of those that have been oppressed" (244). Yet, even after he found that he did not receive as much white support as he had hoped for, King never lost faith in the white community. Altogether, these views of white society as expressed by Malcolm and King are reflected in their methods of fighting racism. Malcolm, who supported the use of violence to achieve equality, most likely reached the conclusion that this was the only way to fight the whites based on his original view of them as heartless and uncaring. One place in Malcolm's "Ballot or Bullet," where his categorizing of whites with violence and cruelty can be found, is during a passage in which he compares the white man with a Guerrilla warrior. "You've got to have a heart to be a Guerrilla warrior, and he (the white man) hasn't got any heart" (267). Malcolm sees the whites as a violent group. He most likely came to his theory, that nothing important could be accomplished without violence, through the reasoning that only violence can be used to stop a violent group. Violent people would not understand the use of peaceful means to reach an agreement. Therefore, it is not really the violence itself which he supports as much as it is the reason for using it. He justifies his use of violence by trying to explain that there is no other way to get through to the white people. In contrast, King sees the whites more as victims of violence than creators of violence. He blames the violence, itself, on evil forces. In "Pilgrimage to Nonviolence," King calls the problem of racism "tension...between the forces of light and the forces of darkness.... We are out to defeat injustice and not white persons who may be unjust" (3). Therefore, one can see why King rejects the idea of using violence to achieve his goals. Only love can defeat evil. "The aftermath of nonviolence is the creation of the beloved community, while the aftermath of violence is tragic bitterness" (2). Aside from their basic methods of achieving their goals,

American Identity White Privilege and Racial Oppression Professor Ramos Blog

American Identity White Privilege and Racial Oppression Emma Hurtado English 261 08 April 2019 In a post World War I era, America was struggling in trying to navigate its way through the World War II as well as the Great Depression. Trying to define what American identity was in a time like this is complex and almost impossible to do so. The reason for this is because not every American had the same kind of privilege or money. Some Americans didn’t have privilege at all, some were wealthy, others were poor. Their economic and social statuses were two prominent factors that determined what kind of life they would live and the kind of perspective they would have on the world, including themselves. Major events such as WWII and the downfall of the economy are what helped transform and shape what American identity would become during this era. At this time, many Americans such as authors Zora Neale Hurston and F. Scott Fitzgerald experienced different kinds of obstacles and tragedies in life, but were able to encapsulate and portray what life as an American was like in thei r stories. Both authors drew inspiration from their own experiences and hardships to write their stories. There were many different aspects that played a part in creating the American identity, but overall the identity of an American was individually unique. The reason why it was unique is because each person in the country endured distinct kinds of oppression whether it was social, racial, or economic. It can be said that F. Scott Fitzgerald was privileged and had good fortune for the majority of his life. Despite his father being unsuccessful, his family was wealthy which allowed Fitzgerald the opportunity to become successful, which did happen, but only to a certain extent. He was known for living a luxurious and extravagant life which would eventually lead to his economic and social downfall. He was able to become successful in the way he wanted so that he could continue living this over-the-top, excessive life he had grown accustomed to, but eventually he and the main character in his short story would find out that this way of living would not be worth the cost. From the title of the story â€Å"Babylon Revisited†, readers can begin to tear apart the title to determine its meaning. According to Merriam Webster, the word ‘Babylon’ was used to describe â€Å"a city devoted to materialism and sensual pleasure† (Merriam Webster). The title suggests that the story will be similar to the author’s life in the way that Fitzgerald was known for his materialistic lifestyle. â€Å"Babylon Revisited† seems rather intimate and personal in the way that it shows contains many parallels between his life and the main character, Charlie. Some of the main parallels between Fitzgerald’s life and the story are alcoholism and the Great Depression. This story depicts what life was for those who were able to achieve a rather comfortable and affluent lifestyle that most people at the time would not have been able to live. During the beginning of the story, the main character points out that â€Å"It was not an American bar any morehe felt polite in it, and not as if he owned it. It had gone back into France† (Fitzgerald). This quote shows the kind of privilege Charlie felt and knew he had before the market crashed, despite being in a different country. He has a become a stranger in a place he could once be himself. Not only this, but he comes to the harsh realization that he â€Å"spoiled this city for [himself]. [He] didnt realize it, but the d ays came along one after another, and then two years were gone, and everything was gone, and [he] was gone† (Fitzgerald). At this point in his life, he doesn’t have his family anymore and he feels miserable because he regrets not slowing down and appreciating what he had at the time. The story shows how the Great Depression took a toll on Fitzgerald’s personal life. Because of the economic crash, his life changed when it became clear that â€Å"his wife’s emotional crash and the ensuing depression that overtook his life and work were, for Fitzgerald, so closely connected with the stock market crash and economic depression as to cause an interpenetration of the two narratives† (Hess). This story can be interpreted as a cautionary tale because of the way that Fitzgerald chose to share some of the most intense details of his own life to show the consequences of this lifestyle. Zora Neale Hurston’s â€Å"How It Feels To Be Colored Me† offers a completely different yet interesting perspective than Fitzgerald’s work, but they both share the idea of conformity in society. Hurston reminisces on the â€Å"very day that [she] became colored† (Hurston). When she brings up this moment, the readers begin to understand how society and different geographical locations can change one’s perspective of themselves. Her life was completely uprooted when her family moved from Eatonville, Florida. Hurston shows that she is having difficulty trying to understand why she is being treated differently for her skin color for the first time in her life. She grows tired and exhausted because she knows she is â€Å"not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all† (Hurston). Everyone around her is trying to victimize and define who she is, even though she doesn’t c are about their perception of black people. It shows how during this time it was difficult to define an American because of the way Zora changed in others’ eyes. She only moved from one town to another and still continued to live in the same state, but this helps readers understand the way that small factors such as geographical ones can play a major role in racial discrimination and oppression. According to Stephen J. Whitfield, â€Å"the problem of prejudice was not widely believed to be urgent† before the 40’s (Whitfield). People were looking at Hurston in a biased way because they weren’t able to understand life from her perspective and they only knew about her history rather than learning more about who she was as a person. As a child, Zora was protected from racial discrimination and the perspectives of both black and white people, so when she first realizes that these white people only see her for her past, she is taken aback. She begins to separate herself from everyone else’s idea of what it is to be black, but not because she is ashamed or terrified of her culture, but because of the fact that she wants to re-define herself as Zora. Both Hurston’s and Fitzgerald’s stories were unlike yet alike in different ways. Both narrators were struggling with how they were going to deal with society’s expectations and perspectives. Black people suffered from racial oppression, but Hurston did not let it confine her and hold her back from becoming the person she wanted to be. Unfortunately for Fitzgerald, he let his ambitions get the best of him which resulted in him losing his family and having to redefine who he is and changing his entire life. Both stories include messages that are still prevalent in society today such as making sure that as a society we don’t view others with prejudice or bias, and instead we should take the time to learn more about other cultures instead of labelling them. As for Fitzgerald’s story, it teaches us about the consequences and unhealthy habits that can come with having a luxurious lifestyle. With these two stories, we can learn more about the privilege tha t white people had and we can connect it to today and how that privilege still continues to exist in certain situations, as well as the oppression that people of color also experienced back then and today. Hess, Heather L. N. â€Å"‘The Crash!’†¯: Writing the Great Depression in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s ‘Babylon Revisited,’ ‘Emotional Bankruptcy,’ and ‘Crazy Sunday.’† Journal of Modern Literature, vol. 42, no. 1, Fall 2018, pp. 77–94. EBSCOhost, doi:10.2979/jmodelite.42.1.06. Whitfield, Stephen J. â€Å"The Theme of Indivisibility in the Post-War Struggle against Prejudice in the United States.† Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 48, no. 3, July 2014, pp. 223–247. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/0031322X.2014.922773. â€Å"Babylon.†Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Babylon.nbsp;

10 Types of Marriage Records for Family History

10 Types of Marriage Records for Family History The different types of marriage records that might be available for your ancestors, and the amount and kind of information they contain,  will vary depending on the location and time period, as well as sometimes the parties religion. In some localities, a marriage license may include the most details, while in a different locality and time period more information might be found in the marriage register. Locating all available marriage record types increases the chance of learning additional information- including confirmation that the marriage actually took place, the names of parents or witnesses, or the religion of one or both parties to the marriage. Records of Intentions to Marry Marriage Banns - Banns, sometimes spelled bans, were public notice of an intended marriage between two specified persons on a particular date. Banns began as a church custom, later proscribed by English common law, that required the parties to give advance public notice of their intention to marry over three consecutive Sundays, either in church or a public place. The purpose was to give anyone who might have an objection to the marriage, to state why the marriage should not take place. Usually, this was because one or both of the parties was too young or already married, or because they were more closely related than allowed by law.Marriage Bond - a monetary pledge or guarantee given to the court by the intended groom and a bondsman to affirm  that there was no moral or legal reason why the couple could not be married, and also that the groom would not change his mind. If either party declined to go through with the union, or of one of the parties was found to be ineligible- for example, already married, too closely related to the other party, or underage without parental approval- the bond money was generally forfeit. The bondsman, or surety, was often a brother or uncle to the bride, although he could also be a relative of the groom, or even a neighbor of  a  friend of either of the two parties. The use of marriage bonds was especially common in the southern and mid-Atlantic states through the first half of the nineteenth century. In colonial Texas, where Spanish law required colonists to be Catholic, a marriage bond was used in a slightly different fashion- as a pledge to local authorities in situations where there was no Roman Catholic priest available that the couple agreed to have their civil marriage solemnized by a priest as soon as the opportunity came available.Marriage License -   Perhaps the most commonly found record of a marriage is the marriage license. The purpose of a marriage license was to ensure that the marriage conformed to all legal requirements, such as both parties being of lawful age and not too closely related to one another.  After confirming there were no impediments to the marriage, a  license form was issued by a local public official (usually the county clerk) to the couple intending to marry, and granted permission to anyone authorized to solemnize marriages (minister, Justice of the Peace, etc.) to perform the ceremony.  The marriage was usually- but not always- performe d within a few days after the granting of the license. In many localities both the marriage license and the marriage return (see below) are found recorded together. Marriage Application - In some jurisdictions and time periods, law required that a marriage application to be filled out before a marriage license could be issued. In such situations, the application often required more information than was recorded on the marriage license, making it especially useful for family history research. Marriage applications may be recorded in separate books, or might be found with the marriage licenses.   Consent Affidavit - In most jurisdictions, individuals under the lawful age could still be married with  the consent of a parent or guardian as long as they were still above a minimum age. The age at which an individual required consent varied by locality and time period, as well as whether they were male or female. Commonly, this might be anyone under the age of twenty-one; in some jurisdictions, lawful age was sixteen or eighteen, or even as young as thirteen or fourteen for females. Most jurisdictions also had a minimum age, not allowing children under the age of twelve or fourteen to marry, even with parental consent. In some cases, this consent may have taken the form of a written affidavit, signed by the parent (usually the father) or legal guardian. Alternatively, the consent may have been given verbally to the county clerk in front of one or more witnesses, and then noted along with the marriage record. Affidavits were also sometimes recorded to affirm that both individuals were of legal age. Marriage Contract or Settlement - While much less common than the other marriage record types discussed here, marriage contracts have been recorded since colonial times. Similar to what we would now call a prenuptial agreement, marriage contracts or settlements were agreements made prior to marriage, most commonly when the woman owned property in her own name or wished to ensure that property left by a former husband would go to his children and not the new spouse. Marriage contracts might be found filed among the marriage records, or recorded in the deed books or records of the local court.In areas governed by civil law, however, marriage contracts were much more common, used as a means for both parties to protect their property, regardless of their economic or social status. Marriage licenses, bonds,  and  banns all indicate that a marriage was  planned  to take place, but not that it actually happened. For proof that a marriage actually took place, youll need to look for any of the following records: Records Documenting That a Marriage Took Place Marriage Certificate  - A marriage certificate confirms a marriage and is signed by the person officiating at the marriage. The downside is, that the original marriage certificate ends up in the hands of the bride and groom, so if it hasnt been passed down in the family, you may not be able to locate it. In most localities, however, the information from the marriage certificate, or at least verification that the marriage actually took place, is recorded at the bottom or on the back of the marriage license, or in a separate marriage book (see  marriage register  below). Marriage Return / Ministers Return  - Following the wedding, the minister or officiant would complete a paper called a  marriage return indicating that he had married the couple and on what date. He would later return it to the local registrar as proof that the marriage occurred. In many  localities,  you can find this return  recorded at the bottom or on the back of the marriage license. Alternatively, the information may be located in a Marriage Register (see below) or in a separate volume of ministers returns. The lack of an actual marriage date or  marriage  return does not always mean the marriage didnt take place, however. In some  cases,  the minister or officiant may have simply forgotten to drop off the return, or it wasnt recorded for whatever reason. Marriage Register  - Local clerks generally recorded the marriages they performed in a marriage register or book. Marriages performed by another officiant (e.g.  minister, justice of the peace, etc.) were also generally recorded, following receipt of the  marriage  return. Sometimes marriage registers incorporate information from a variety of marriage documents, so may include the names of the couples; their ages, birthplaces, and current locations; the names of their parents, the names of witnesses, the name of the officiant and the date of marriage. Newspaper Announcement  - Historical newspapers are a rich source for information on marriages, including those which may predate the recording of marriages in that locality. Search  historical newspaper archives  for engagement announcements and marriage announcements, paying special attention to clues such as the location of the marriage, the name of the officiant (may indicate religion), the members of the marriage party, the names of guests, etc. Dont overlook religious or ethnic newspapers if you know the ancestors religion, or if they belong to a specific ethnic group (e.g. the local German-language newspaper).

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 31

Homework - Essay Example Everybody should be very keen with the code of ethics that the respective field of work demands to maintain confidence and respect with the target clients. For instance, photojournalism has been a field of discussion because of bleach of ethics as the field has very many clients. The photos that they present on the media have drawn a wide range of comments with most people condemning the act. The field has damaged its reputation for the awkward photos on the media that do not respect the feelings of the viewers and the readers. It is high time that the state governments should put strategies that will help restructure photojournalism to ensure that the journalists observe ethics in the fields. In conclusion, photojournalism has been a topic of discussion for all wrong reasons because of failure by the field experts to observe ethics in their work. Therefore, to curb this uncouth behavior by the photojournalists the authorities should take strict measures to rebuild the lost reputation in this

UK Businesses Going Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

UK Businesses Going Abroad - Essay Example This also has various tax implications. In UK, the double taxation hit has come about due to the fact that the foreign income dividends have been abolished. By going abroad, companies like SmithKline Beecham, BAT industries, Glaxo Wellcome, RTZ as well as Reckitt and Colman, have managed to accommodate the principles of geographical diversification as a bid towards cushioning the blow of double taxation that has been proposed by the Chancellor of Exchequers. (Ahmad, 1997) There are numerous ethical issues that come up in this regard. To begin with, there has been a sharp increase in the number of companies that have chosen to pay their dividends as "Fids". This cost the UK economy and UK businesses over 400 million due to the fact that most of these UK businesses were moving abroad. Other issues include an analysis of whether or not it is ethical to make use of the various facilities in terms of fiscal, policy and financial mechanisms that are made available to developing countries. (Ahmad, 1997) Developing countries are in need of aids that will further the cause of economic progress. Therefore, the tax implications for these countries are favourable. Yet, the economics of these countries can accommodate only a certain percentage of businesses as far as the enjoinment of these benefits is concerned. In this regard, when a UK business moves to one of these countries, it is technically eating into this share that could otherwise have been enjoyed by the national businesses. This is an ethical issue that has been explained by cynics and economic scholars as making use of the next best opportunity. (Ahmad, 1997) International Marketing The arena of international marketing has become a field on its own that has revolutionised the arena of geographic diversification. UK businesses have taken the step towards international diversification due to make better use of opportunities that lie in the avenues of international marketing on today's world. This involves reaching out to developing countries like India, the Far East countries and other developed nations like US as well. While the developing countries have increasing levels of disposable income due to a growth in economies, the UK businesses are aiming at these countries. The UK businesses take to more developed countries like USA and Australia due to consistency as far as standards in management and marketing are concerned. Also, culturally the UK businesses are closer to the culture followed in USA and Australia more than other countries. In this regard, it is imperative to loosely define international marketing before moving on. International marketing is that sphere of activities that is aimed at introducing a product in a country or group of countries with the aim of creating sales and some amount of awareness regarding the brand. Customer satisfaction in today's world has come to occupy a place of vital importance. The phrase, "customer is king", is not just a phrase anymore. It is symbolic of the changing times where consumer courts are waiting to help citizens assert their rights. In this context, a traditional industry like banking has followed the trend and pulled up its socks. The characteristic laid back attitude of the banking industry has been long replaced by

Riordan New System Proposal Essay Example for Free

Riordan New System Proposal Essay Executive Summary Riordan Publishing started as a small publishing company made up of two brothers, George and Edward Riordan. They wanted to provide a way for creative minds to be heard. Their objective was and will always be to help writers reach their full potential. Riordan eventually expanded to four locations around the globe to assist authors of all varieties achieve their dreams. Riordan works with editors, artists, and authors; which is why they understand the importance of unifying and synchronizing all of their locations. Improvements in the system were needed in order to effectively accomplish this objective. Riordan’s issues involved: 1. Communication problems 2. Data sharing concerns 3. Collaborating in real time 4. Project management Riordan researched several options for improving their system, and decided to convert to Cloud Computing. The benefits for Cloud Computing outweighed the risks involved; influencing Riordan to choose Egnyte Cloud Computing as its Cloud service provider. The benefits of Cloud computing are vast and can enable Riordan to reduce spending on in house technology infrastructure, streamline processes for employees worldwide all while increasing flexibility of the cloud and scaling it to the needs of Riordan. After researching the many different cloud computing sources, Riordan chose Egnyte as the perfect fit for the company. Egnyte won Best Data Center Storage Solution award in Europe. Egnyte was also awarded â€Å"Most promising startup cloud provider† at the Up 2011 Cloud Computing Conference. They  offer features that will help integrate Riordan’s Publishing like: 1. Supports a variety of systems 2. Security and Privacy 3. Synchronization 4. Premium support 5. Storage 6. Audit reports Riordan feels confident that Egnyte will innovate the way they perform in every aspect of the business, creating a more unified work environment for employees anywhere they are. Egnyte allows Riordan to gain access to technologies (infrastructure, platforms, and software) that they might otherwise need sophisticated IT support to obtain and setup. For example, few small businesses have the knowledge and expertise to perform the installation and planning of an IT system or even perform the ongoing maintenance required to have it run optimally. Egnyte offers solutions, by simply contracting with the Cloud provider Riordan will have the ability to immediately use these services and offerings. Egnyte enhances Riordan by improving many of its core business practices: 1. Communications a. Employees to employees b. Office to office c. Employees to editors, artists, and authors 2. Collaborations a. Employees to employees b. Office to office c. Employees to editors, artists, and authors 3. Innovative ways to enlist new writers 4. Ability to share data with fewer risks for: a. Plagiarism b. Intellectual theft c. Creative theft Riordan only has one main concern with converting to Egnyte’s Cloud Computing service and that is the security of the Cloud platform. They realize that there is a small percentage for security risks given that there is a lack of  control of security operations from Riordan, internally. Riordan wanted to ensure there were ways to reduce this risk before committing to Egnyte’s services. Riordan decided to implement a third party key management system. This system will give Riordan the peace of mind knowing that data that the company has of authors, editors, artists, and employees has a little more protection via secure encryption; making it less likely for theft or tampering. Riordan has chosen Vermetric Data Security as their extra line of defense. Vermetric Data Security ensures there is a consistent and repeatable method for encrypting Riordan’s data, enforcing access policies and gaining real time security information on its systems. Cloud Computing is going to give Riordan the competitive edge they need to continue to makes dreams come true as George Riordan stated, â€Å"We will open the eyes of the world, one book at a time.† The key to the Riordan’s success is to stay up-to-date with training for employees, making sure the business plan is in constant alignment with the IT system, and analyzing for future issues that may arise. By using the Cloud technology Riordan not only ensures that it’s company data is secure and accessible worldwide, it is also flexible enough to provide future upgrades and expansion and forever scale with the companies needs and desires. Riordan Publishing- EGNYTE A New Enterprise System Proposal History of Riordan Publishing Brothers Edward and George Riordan were both struggling authors in 19th century New York City. Reputable publishing companies were few are far between. The Riordan brothers were in need of a local publishing company that was interested in investing and supporting struggling authors seeking to achieve their dreams; by having their work materialize in print. Finding a publishing company that suited these needs was harder than they anticipated. The Riordan Brothers did the next best thing they could. Riordan Publishing started with humble beginning in New York City in 1814. Edward and George Riordan were the only employees for the first three months, but that quickly changed. From the beginning their company mission statement, a quote often said by George Riordan â€Å"We will open the eyes of the world, one book at a time† drew the attention of other likeminded  authors. Within 5 years of being in business Riordan Publishing had expanded from one office in New York City. George moved to London; opened an office, and the company grew from two employees to over 100 employees and over 400 authors. Today Riordan Publishing employs over 4,000 people worldwide with offices in New York, London, Seattle, Rome, and has over 15,000 authors and artist. Each location within Riordan Publishing has created individual processes for author/editor collaboration. Riordan Publishing has been searching for an Enterprise solution to unify their international locations and Authors that are spread around the globe. Sharing data between author/office and office/office has been a redundant and convoluted process. Riordan Publishing is now exploring their options for unifying and synchronizing all their offices. This transition will introduce global employees to a singular fast secure and modern platform. The new enterprise system that Riordan decided to implement is cloud computing. Cloud Computing Egnyte is Riordan Publishing’s answer for a cloud computing solution. Egnyte is proven cloud storage platform. Egnyte just won Europe’s Best Data Center Storage Solution award at The Seventh Annual Cloud World forum in London. Egnyte offers enterprise solutions; which includes a scalable, â€Å"file sharing infrastructure with a complete centralized administration, auditing, and storage integrations for use of unlimited employees. Egnyte provides its’ users with a variety of computing services that include low cost storage space, content access, mobile access, and a top notch support, supports a variety of operating systems.† (Egnyte, 2014) Included in the price for the Enterprise Package you get: unlimited storage, 10GB man per file size, Enterprise-class security, Desktop Sync, FTP Integration, Premium support, Outlook Integration, Custom Branding, Role-based Administration, Storage Sync, Audit Reports, Salesforce.Com Integration, and AD and LDAP Support, and most importantly enterprise file sync and share (EFSS). These features are what persuaded Riordan to select Egnyte as their cloud computing source. Business Requirements Riordan Publishing’s business requirements are simple: global access, reliability, speed, minimizes unneeded costs by combining its software and  hardware infrastructure, security, an ease of collaboration solution, and affordability. Having servers in four different countries has been costly to monitor and maintain. By virtualizing the servers on the Cloud platform, it eliminates the need for four different server locations, the electric bill and internet bills associated with running them and also the IT staff that maintains them. The shift from the four servers into the Cloud can save Riordan an immense amount of capital and enable funds to be used in other ways such as corporate expansion. Riordan’s IT team has been growing nearly as fast as their list of new writers trying to keep up with the demands of supporting its legacy software and dated servers. Riordan needs a solution that will upgrade its ancient system along with cutting its cost in its infrastructure management, and a way to unite all their servers into one centralized setting that everyone can easily access, the solution being the â€Å"Cloud†. The Cloud computing solution will provide a reliable, fast, and an effective method for Riordan’s editors, writers, marketing, financial teams to collaborate; enabling them to upload, access projects from the office, or the comfort of a writer’s home. Riordan is in need of a system that helps with editorial workflow, a way to unite their writers with their editors, and management for a collective collaboration resolution so goals and deadlines are easily met. There is also a need for an ease of access download for outside vendors such as a printing house or e-book company like Amazon Kindle. Information Riordan Publishing handles various amounts of information daily. Due to the nature of Riordan’s work as a publisher, it is very important that information is protected. The type of information on the cloud would consist of original literature, photos, research, and products scheduled to be released. Security is of an utmost importance because of the inherent threat of plagiarism, intellectual, and creative theft. Since the company has 4,000 employees and over 15,000 contracted authors and artist, the cloud would have to be very powerful to meet the demands of the employees. The employees of Riordan use the Office Suite, Microsoft Outlook, and a plethora of other productive software applications. Each international office and individual  author and artist can use a different type of mobile devise including, Blackberry, iPhone, Android, and Windows Phone. The new system would have to take all the employees’ needs, and incorporate that into the custom create cloud operating system. The cloud would eventually have all employees’ emails, conversations, files, pictures, and documents. The information most definitely would be safeguarded from vulnerabilities, threats, and risks from cyber-crimes. Security and Ethical Concerns One of the main concerns a company has is the security; which can involve ethical issues. Riordan Publishing had a couple concerns regarding the safe keeping of their data in the cloud. Some of the concerns were: If employees are allowed to use cellular phones for business use, then how will the company know when employees are abusing company time for personal use? What happens if data is hacked, and client information is stolen and sold? Is the company held accountable when laws are broken by employees? Riordan Publishing Company decided to take steps that would educate all employees of the laws, and the consequences of breaking them. The company will be implementing mandatory meetings to keep employees informed of cyber-crimes, rules of the use of business smart phones, appropriate use of persona time at work, and ways to improve employees’ work habits. Riordan’s main focus is data security: which needs to meet industry standards that consist of keeping the system up to date and monitored. Once implemented, Riordan will benefit from the cloud system enabling employees to connect to the corporate network over VPN for a seamless experience anywhere. The contributions to the company are vast, but the main appeal is that employees can access a network that is custom tailored to them from any online connection. Riordan also would not have to pay for hefty data center bills, expensive servers, a tech team to maintain equipment, and power bills. Conversion Process Riordan Publishing Company decided that the best course of action regarding issues with their previous system was to convert to Cloud Computing. In order for Riordan Publishing to combine their international offices and  individual contracted authors into one centralized data system, a Cloud Storage and Management System will be implemented. Egnyte will standardize procedures for sharing, collaboration, storing, and accessing a centralized network. This will make it possible for Riordan’s entire pool of employees to follow the same processes, continue procedures of working with authors to publish new books, and produce publications in a more streamline timeline. Cloud computing allows Riordan Publishing to achieve one of their goals of going green. Riordan employees, contracted authors, and artists also do not have to worry about the costs, hassles of mailing manuscripts, or shuffling through emails to find work they are using for collaboration with one another. Egnyte’s easily accessed cloud storage allows all users to organize, view, and update data simultaneously. Proposed Process Changes New and existing contracted authors and artists will be given access to Riordan’s Egnyte account. They will upload copies of their work throughout the entire writing process. Egnyte’s editors and publishers will be able to access their work, and collaborate effectively on each project. Each user will be able to access Egnyte from their home computer or mobile device to give status updates, check emails, and upload documents for easy collaboration. Once the editor and author have finished their project they will send the project to Riordan’s Senior Editors for approval; who will then notify the Distribution and Marketing Team that the project is ready for printing. The Distribution and Marketing Team will then notify Bickford Printing and Amazon’s Kindle team to log on to Riordan’s Egnyte account, this is where they can access the publications that are ready for printing and distribution to E-books. The diagram below shows how simple, and streamline the new process will be. Diagram 1.1 All of Riordan’s International offices, contracted Authors, and Artists can now access the same centralized data network to create, collaborate, and distribute new books using Egnyte’s cloud storage. (Egnyte.com, 2014) Cloud Technology Cloud technology uses a method called, â€Å"offloading†. Cloud technology manages the majority of programs processing. This means that most processing can be done on the cloud; as opposed to the actual mobile devices, increasing overall efficiency. Being able to access the cloud from a laptop or smartphone provides great flexibility. Employees are to travel while working, or work from a remote location. The mobility also has negative implications mainly being security and privacy. Users depend on the IT management for security and privacy settings because the data is stored and managed on the cloud. A bug or security loophole exploited may result in a breach of privacy. There is truly no way to know how a cloud vendor safeguards data. Potential vulnerabilities could, for instance, grant a group access to passwords, or other private information used in Riordan’s Publishing Company. Cloud computing also brings up the question of reliability. Riordan has to understand that from a technical standpoint it would not be possible to provide users with the cloud in a place with no internet connectivity such as a park, a basement, a tunnel, and a subway. Even with the limitations the cloud can be quite useful and powerful; if employees are properly trained to adhere to strict computer and network policies that discourage them from leaving their devices unmonitored. The benefits of cloud computing far outweigh the negative aspects like giving a company the ability to start up a network with low overhead costs, and little setup time. The maintenance aspect of owning your own servers, and having to up keep up and administer them is also new the third party cloud company’s responsibility. This would give Riordan’s employees more time to work on their tasks at hand rather than fiddle with a network. The mobile platform has many obstacles to overcome, but once a user does acquire a reliable internet connection the user will see the benefits of not having to be restricted to their office. Together the cloud and mobile devices will provide flexibility and mobility that will push Riordan into a productive and successful future. The diagram below represents how Riordan Publishing’s information will process through the cloud. Diagram Riordan’s information system flowing through the cloud. Business Requirements Riordan has had problems in the past with authors and editors not making deadlines because of the way they shared information in the past. Mailing hard copies of manuscripts, getting lost in the mail, misplaced, or shipped to the wrong Riordan office. Those manuscripts that were sent in digitally were not being saved to a network drive where others could access them. Instead, they were stored locally to specific machines where they could be lost due to computer failure, someone leaving the company, or someone due to calling in sick. This meant no one else could access the information; which meant deadlines were not met. Riordan was losing money hand over fist because they were doing extra unnecessary double work. Authors, artists, and editors could not collaborate in a timely manner because of the slow sharing process. This is what initiated the conversion. Riordan’s ultimate demand for cloud technology comes from needing a Global unified network experience for all persons associated with Riordan regardless of their physical locations in the world. Cloud Computing enables Riordan to globalize the workforce at a lower cost. This allows the user access to the cloud as long as they have an internet connection. The reduction in spending on technology infrastructure makes for minimal up front spending, and the cloud can be scaled to pay as you go; while services can be implemented based on Riordan’s demands. The overall savings Riordan will have over a course of several years can be used to fund new operations, expand the organization, hire new employees, give bonuses, and upgrade personal desktop computers and laptops. The impact will be more purchasing power and more capital. The cloud computing infrastructure gives more freedom to Riordan. This allows them to work without diving into heavy software, licensing fees, or spending big money on hardware. Additionally, the direction no matter if it is the OS, email client, or software can all be customized. It would not be a problem for the organization to just suddenly change their mind about their cloud. What Riordan really gets out of this business venture is the two most valuable things in the business world; time and money. The cloud makes the acquisition of these two valuable elements to be made fairly quickly. Riordan will profit from Cloud Computing because they are willing to take the necessary steps to evolve with the chances of technology. Egnyte is going to integrate all the aspects of Riordan Publishing Company into one location; making it easy for all employees, authors, editors, and artists to collaborate with one another in a single place; the cloud. Acquiring and Maintaining Egnyte Riordan determined changes were needed to improve performance, communication, and time management throughout all locations of the company. This was decided after making a business process management plan. Riordan researched the benefits and risks of converting to cloud computing. After determining cloud computing would enable the company to improve communication, data storage, and enhanced project management; Riordan needed to decide on the best way to convert to the new system. Riordan chose to use the direct cutover conversion process. Riordan established a project management strategy that helped the company better understand their budgets, time constraints, tools, skills, and techniques; this gave the company insight on how to improve these areas with Egnyte’s Cloud Computing application. Next, Riordan began training employees on this new system; showing the employees the different enhancements that Egnyte offered, and ways to deal with issues that may arise from the conversion. Riordan also designed an IT strategy to ensure that all areas of the company understood the company’s end goal. The one risk in cloud computing that Riordan needed to address was securing their data. They adapted a Third Party Key Management System to deliver an added step in securing their data. The key management system that Riordan decided to choose was Vormetric Data Security. Riordan believes that when all areas of the company work closely with the IT division, then the company will run efficiently. This will allow employees to focus on other areas in the company that require employees’ attention. Strategic Role Cloud Computing will innovate and produce business growth for Riordan Publishing Company. This will be a hybrid cloud that contains software-as-a-service allowing Riordan to efficiently communicate, share  data, and reduce costs. Once the system is in place, the employees are trained, and all departments are fine tuned to the needed adjustments regarding the cloud; allowing the company to focus on the accelerating projects, collaborating with colleagues, strengthening relationships with distributors, and most importantly discovering new talent. One area that is overlooked because of time restrictions is unknown writers that submit unrequested manuscripts that are placed in a pile called â€Å"slush† pile. The benefits of Engyte’s Cloud service include: â€Å"the ability to access new technology, faster application development, available expertise in special skills, faster responses to business demands, and flexibility in IT peaks and valleys.† Employees, authors, aspiring writers, editors, and artists can easily communicate with video conferences; while viewing information about an active project no matter the office location. (Andriole, S.J., 2012) This conversion will essentially allow for cost reduction that could be used to scout for new clients; which opens up more doors of opportunities with the cloud through chat groups and communities, implement new design tools, improve promoting tactics, update to the newest material for the production of the books, and implementing the policy of bringing your own device to work. This policy is possible because employees and all other persons involved in the company can connect through devices such as smart phones, laptops, thin clients, and tablets. This can reduce the cost of purchasing devices for the company, and allows the company the ability to give incentives for participation. References Andriole, S. (2012). Seven Indisputable Technology Trends that will define 2015. In Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Vol.30, pp. P 61-72). Laudon, Kenneth. C., Laudon, Jane. P. (2013). Essentials of Management Information Systems (10th ED.). : Prentice Hall. http://www.egnyte.com/corp/plan_pricing.html http://www.pwc.com

A Comparison of The Pardoners Tale and Beowulf :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Importance of The Pardoners Tale and Beowulf Literary history is a history of the major literary traditions, movements, works, and authors of a country, region, etc. (Barber 837). The understanding of literary history allows us insight into the past, a recognition of historical events and tensions written into the works of those who witnessed them. By including societal behaviors, political tensions, and common folklore, historical authors have indirectly provided the reader with a broader and deeper understanding of the literature and the period in which it was written. Besides insight into collective societal culture, literary history has provided future writers with models of poetic device, style and content influencing literary works and building upon past literary ideas. Literary history is a vehicle to understanding the past and plays a major role in its influence on literature up to and including the present day. Knowledge of historical literature gives us insight into the traditions and societal conventions of the time in which the piece was written. One outstanding example comes from Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is a literary work which enables a reader to glimpse not only the societal customs but into the savage and seemingly uncontrollable environment of the first century. Literary historian, Raymond Chambers points out that in the fight between Grendel and Beowulf it appears as though Grendel is representative of the degraded form of human life attempting to gain power through violence, in his attempt to overthrow Hrothgar and take control of Heorot he is fatally wounded by Beowulf. Beowulf is a character who exemplifies the collective societal agreement as to the role of a hero and his duty to control a seemingly ungovernable environment (Chambers 46). The Beowulf poet describes Grendel and Beowulf as "Both ..enraged, fury filled, the two who meant to control the hall." (Beowulf 36). The fight for control of the hall could be seen as representative of the struggle between good and evil or perhaps the control of the king over an uncontrollable people. Taking into account Mr. Chambers explanation of Grendel, a reader may also reason that the dragon symbolizes a threat from outside the human realm. One notes that the dragon is not given the humanistic qualities of Grendel, he has no kin and appears to have no mortal thoughts. Due to his lack of humanistic characteristics, the reader may believe that the dragon is less representative of a human threat such as an enemy warrior, etc. A Comparison of The Pardoners Tale and Beowulf :: comparison compare contrast essays The Importance of The Pardoners Tale and Beowulf Literary history is a history of the major literary traditions, movements, works, and authors of a country, region, etc. (Barber 837). The understanding of literary history allows us insight into the past, a recognition of historical events and tensions written into the works of those who witnessed them. By including societal behaviors, political tensions, and common folklore, historical authors have indirectly provided the reader with a broader and deeper understanding of the literature and the period in which it was written. Besides insight into collective societal culture, literary history has provided future writers with models of poetic device, style and content influencing literary works and building upon past literary ideas. Literary history is a vehicle to understanding the past and plays a major role in its influence on literature up to and including the present day. Knowledge of historical literature gives us insight into the traditions and societal conventions of the time in which the piece was written. One outstanding example comes from Anglo-Saxon times. Beowulf is a literary work which enables a reader to glimpse not only the societal customs but into the savage and seemingly uncontrollable environment of the first century. Literary historian, Raymond Chambers points out that in the fight between Grendel and Beowulf it appears as though Grendel is representative of the degraded form of human life attempting to gain power through violence, in his attempt to overthrow Hrothgar and take control of Heorot he is fatally wounded by Beowulf. Beowulf is a character who exemplifies the collective societal agreement as to the role of a hero and his duty to control a seemingly ungovernable environment (Chambers 46). The Beowulf poet describes Grendel and Beowulf as "Both ..enraged, fury filled, the two who meant to control the hall." (Beowulf 36). The fight for control of the hall could be seen as representative of the struggle between good and evil or perhaps the control of the king over an uncontrollable people. Taking into account Mr. Chambers explanation of Grendel, a reader may also reason that the dragon symbolizes a threat from outside the human realm. One notes that the dragon is not given the humanistic qualities of Grendel, he has no kin and appears to have no mortal thoughts. Due to his lack of humanistic characteristics, the reader may believe that the dragon is less representative of a human threat such as an enemy warrior, etc.

Therefore in dealing with knowledge the question of process

In the educational context programs are designed to enhance proper knowledge acquisition by the learner. In this connection the curriculum design should be enabling to meet the designed objectives. Therefore education can be referred to as acquisition of knowledge and skill that is passed from one generation to another.Therefore in dealing with knowledge the question of process of knowledge transmission precedes the question of knowledge acquisition[1]. This is because learning is a gradual process and therefore it must be guided well to yield desired goals and objectives. However after designing the curriculum that is used to pass knowledge, there is a need to find out if the designed curriculum is achieving the purpose designed for.The main reason for evaluating an educational instruction is because of the accountability purposes to the public, investors and the government to assure these stakeholders that there investment is worthy their investment.But in order to attain that exce llence in education sector, the instructors need to be given special education that enhances their competencies in administering the educational institutions in the country. Therefore the in –servicing programs continue to vary due to varied academic discipline each requiring special attention from the other.Therefore this enhances the head of institutions to be up dated with the new skills since knowledge is never static but dynamic. But the outstanding issue is not about diverse programmes that are offered and their usefulness but their effectiveness in meeting the designed purpose. In order to establish their resultant effect on the education, there is need to evaluate them.Therefore to evaluate in-service training programme for headassistances there is a specific design that ought to be employed [2]so that the result obtained can be valid and trustworthy data to the program funders, decision makers and policy maker, so that they can establish programme results, impacts an d socio-economical consequences. Therefore in the following section it shall develop a formulated plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-service training programme for headassistances in the country.Evaluation planThe evaluation plan shall cover all relevant areas that test the instruction if it has aspects that enable education leaders to possess the necessary skills and experiences to conduct and manage education based activities. The plan should involve evaluation framework, Procedures for managing and monitoring the evaluation, Evaluating participant outcome objectives—procedures and methods and Evaluating implementation objectives — procedures and methods components as detailed below.1.0Â   Evaluation frameworkThe evaluation frame work shall address what shall be evaluated in the programme set up[3]. The components shall have a dimension of what is going to be evaluated, main question to be addressed in the evaluation process and the time frame of the evalu ation.1.1Â   What to be evaluatedThis shall focus on the programme of instruction design. Mostly it will cover programme model for the in-service training programme of the education leaders. The evaluation questions shall be designed to unveil the assumption about the target population, the interventions used and the immediate, intermediate and final outcomes of the programme.Secondly, the programme implementation objectives shall be examined. This shall be attained by a statement of objectives in general and measurable terms which highlights what, how and who shall do what in evaluation process. In addition to that the participating population and recruitment strategy shall be inclusive.For instance the possible evaluation objective can be to establish effectiveness of the education leaders in-servicing. The third component shall include the participant outcome objectives that must be in definite and measurable terms. The fourth aspect to incorporated at this level shall be the co ntext of evaluation[1] Charles Hakim, (2003), Research design, London; Blackwell, pp.34 [2] Remsen Barrick, Robert Powell, (1996), Assessing needs and planning in-service education for vocational education teachers, London; Routledge, pp.82[3] Charles Hakim, (2003), Research design, London; Blackwell, pp. 131

National Museum of Anthropology

Armageddon, judgment day, doomsday, annihilation—dark as they may be in connotation, these are the terms many people associate with 21st December 2012. In anticipation, astrologists, scientists, and media men have foreshadowed the near future with a catastrophic picture of the earth’s end. As time approaches, public obsession on the earth’s destruction continues to spread, leaving us to our own interpretations and causing panic to the general public, including of course the business sector. As the day draws near, people question themselves how they should prepare for the destruction.Undoubtedly, many religious followers will form big crowds in churches and houses of worship to plead for God’s mercy. At the same time, computer programmers may think this phenomenon as another Y2K in the making, thus backing up files and creating new programs seem rational at this point. Moreover, some governments have already pronounced concern on the issue, and pushed some efforts to prevent disaster. However, in the midst of all these, it is equally wise to consider pondering on the phenomenon with skepticism. This way, we could come up with a good judgment of whether to believe the prophecy or not.The 2012 hysteria started with the observation that the 13th Baktun of the Mayan Long Count calendar, also referred to as the Aztec calendar, ends on 12-21-2012, a winter solstice (Soveign 2008; Eden n. d. ; Cooper n. d. ). The calendar which is carved on the Aztec â€Å"sun stone† is currently on exhibit in the National Museum of Anthropology and History in Chapultepec Park, Mexico City. Relevantly, some people ponder that since the â€Å"sun stone† shows days of the sun, its final day which is December 21, 2012 ultimately predicts the â€Å"end of the sun.† History recounts a number of phenomena predicted by the Mayas, some of which include solar and lunar eclipses, taking into consideration the rotation of the earth and its speed. T he Mayas also predicted that in 1996, people would create an inter-dimensional network that could enable people to communicate despite a far distance such as the Internet. These prophecies establish reliability of the Mayas and their Long Count calendar in predicting future astrological events.In line with the 2012 phenomenon, many are awed by the Mayan prophecy as the date corresponds with the galactic alignment in which â€Å"the ecliptic of our solar system will intersect with the Galactic plane, called the ‘Galactic Equator’ of the Milky Way. † (Eden n. d. ) At the same time, the earth will also be aligned with the center of the Galaxy where there is maximum mass. This alignment, which never occurred before could definitely cause disruption in the earth’s activity. Furthermore, the said date coincides with the earth’s solar maximum.During this time, solar flares, sunspots, and coronal mass ejections are strongest. These flares come from the sun and shoot through planets, discharging radiation and strong electrical currents and causing problems for satellites, communications, and power grids. (Raeder, as mentioned in Eden n. d. ) An investigation conducted by NASA's THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms) satellite declares that conversely, galactic alignment will create â€Å"a huge breach,† allowing more sun particles to come in, possibly causing great danger to both living and non-living creatures.Implications to Different Sectors In line with the upcoming phenomenon, investors to electric and power companies should take precautions in the next three years. Due to strong electrical currents predicted by experts, power failure may likewise take into play. On the contrary, those who have invested in solar energy might reap the harvest, though this still needs in-depth investigation. Moreover, since the forecasted catastrophe is caused by the flares of the sun, it basically implie s earth’s need to contradict the main force, which is heat energy.To control excessive amount of heat onto the earth’s surface, we may need to make serious efforts to counter this by taking better care of our environment. Basically, plant and marine life, which produce the greatest amount of oxygen should be multiplied in order to save the planet. While the Mayan prediction and scientific explorations offer substantial explanation regarding the 2012 catastrophe, let us consider how other sectors of the society react to the said end. In particular, we may note portions of the business sector that thrive from the said prophecy.For example, Sony Pictures Entertainment will release a movie titled, â€Å"2012† in November this year. This movie, directed by Roland Emmerich, centers on the doomsday of 2012 based on the Mayan prophecy. As early as last year, the movie outfit has already released a teaser trailer and launched a Web site that not only promotes the film bu t also invites viewers to register for lottery. Similarly, a number of Web sites (i. e. , December212012. com) that have been established are used not only to promulgate the news but also to sell products that bear captions related to 2012 phenomenon.Some of these include books, t-shirts, caps, and other accessories. All these reveal a hidden agendum of how some profit makers earn from the panic they have just caused the people. These also give the impression of how this prophecy would culminate to a meaningless end similar to prophecies made in the past, such as the Y2K. The truth regarding galactic alignment offers enough warning for everyone to start preparing for the next cycle of weather disturbances and natural disasters. Although many visionaries including Nostradamus (mentioned in December212012.com) offer common views regarding doomsday, we should not allow ourselves to be victims to profit-seekers who proliferate the news only for their personal gain. May this also serve a s a call to stop sensationalizing the issue because at the end of the day, no one can really predict what exactly will happen in the future. Furthermore, may this remind media people and Web authors of their responsibility to our people to tell and live the truth. Works Cited Cooper, Adrian. â€Å"The Year 2012. † (n. d. ). Retrieved 4 March 2009 < http://www. whatismetaphysics. com/year2012. html>. Eden, Dan. â€Å"December 21, 2012: The Real Doomsday? † (n. d. ).Viewzone. Retrieved 3 March 2009 . Emmerich, Roland. â€Å"2012. † (2009). [Film]. NY: Sony Pictures Entertainment. â€Å"History Presents Nostradamus 2012. † (2006). Retrieved 3 March 2009 < http://www. december212012. com/articles/news/History_To_Air_New_Nostradamus_Special. htm>. Raeder, Jimmy. â€Å"Important Update: January 2009. † In Eden, Dan. â€Å"December 21, 2012: The Real Doomsday? † (n. d. ). Retrieved 3 March 2009 . â€Å"Soveign, Mark. â€Å"What Exactly will Happe n in 2012? † (2008). Retrieved 4 March 2009 .

Dark Romanticism Essays

Dark Romanticism Essays Dark Romanticism Paper Dark Romanticism Paper 4. Define â€Å"Dark Romanticism† as you understand it by discussing two works by different authors. Account for the rise of this kind of writing in America and evaluate its appeal and significance then and now. The Dark Side of Romanticism Romantic literary texts focus on the expression of emotion. Authors during the Romantic period developed and integrated the idea of the individual being the main focus in life. Romantic authors focused on the individual being at the center of their own happiness and destiny and evil dwelling outside mankind. Dark Romantics believed that evil is not only found in nature and in other people but evil also dwells inside every human being. Dark Romantics argued that earlier writers had ignored the darker side of humanity. The Dark Romantics’ focus was to illustrate to readers what really makes up mankind. They present individuals as self destructive as opposed to writers in the past such as Puritans that focused on mankind prevailing over evil through the grace of God. Individuals in Dark Romanticism literature are often portrayed failing when they are trying to make themselves better people. Instead of focusing on the good of mankind, Dark Romantics wrote about the tragic and demented side of human life. This pessimistic and skeptic attitude makes way for murky, horrid, and inexplicable thoughts. But these demented thoughts are what make Dark Romantic literature so out of the ordinary and thrilling compared to literature of the past. Dark Romanticism is just that, very dark. Nature is deeply rooted in Dark Romanticism literature but in shady, sinister ways. Evil is found in the literary images of ghouls and ghosts and other creepy beings. For Dark Romantics, the world is cold and mysterious. Gothic fiction helped to inspire many Dark Romantic works. Gothic fiction can be described as a subgenre of Dark Romanticism. It shares many similar characteristics with Dark Romantic literature. Both include themes of darkness and mystery but Gothic fiction was more aimed to tell tales of horror instead of stories of mankind failing to make change for the better. Charles Brockden-Brown’s, â€Å"Somnambulism† conveys the inexplicable and horrific qualities of Gothic and Dark Romanticism literature through his features and styles of writing. The literary works of William Godwin and the suggestion of feminism inspired Brockden-Brown. Constantia personifies this in â€Å"Somnambulism†. She is not a weak and nervous character. Brockden-Brown portrays her as independent and strong by having her confidently journey home with her father at night in the dark and weary woods. This story is told from first person point of view, which really puts readers inside the sick mind of Althrope. This gives a first hand account of the events. This makes it easier for readers to understand the thoughts going through Althrope’s head and adds intensity and mystery to the story: And after all what is this groundless and ridiculous persuasion that governed me? Had I profited nothing by experience of the effects of similar follies? Was I never to attend to the lesson of sobriety and truth? How ignominious to be thus the slave of a fortuitous and inexplicable impulse! To be the victim of terrors more chimerical than those which haunt the dreams of idiots and children! They  can describe clearly, and attribute a real existence to the object of their terrors. Not so can I. The quick pace of the sentences in this story creates the feeling of paranoia. Althrope’s questioning of himself supports the Dark Romantic’s idea that this genre of literature focuses on the demented and unfortunate side of human life and mankind’s inability to change for the better. The main character of the story is not a vampire or ghost or ghoul often seen in Dark Romantic and Gothic literature. The killer is a regular member of society who snaps. Althrope is used to living within the constraints of society but he struggles with this. As a sleepwalker, he acts unconsciously on the obsessive thoughts filling his mind day after day. This is a clear image of the dark side of mankind. In â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† Edgar Allen Poe depicts a gruesome tale. His use of dark imagery and harsh words make this story an unmistakable product of the Dark Romantic period. Poe’s use of the first person narrator adds an important dimension to the story. The narrator’s thoughts are eating him alive and Poe clearly portrays this to readers by repeating words and having  the narrator constantly question himself: I paced the floor to and fro with heavy strides, as if excited to fury by the observations of the men but the noise steadily increased. Oh God! what could I do? I foamed I raved I swore! I swung the chair upon which I had been sitting, and grated it upon the boards, but the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder louder louder! And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled. Was it possible they heard not? Almighty God! no, no! They heard! they suspected! they knew! they were making a mockery of my horror! -this I thought, and this I think. But anything was better than this agony! This makes the narrator untrustworthy and unreliable. This also helps to illustrate Dark Romanticism’s questioning of mankind. Poe focuses on how unstable the narrator is and how the unconscious mind can destroy a man. The narrator drove himself absolutely crazy over the old man’s mysterious eyeball. He was obsessed with the eye and this caused the narrator to have extreme paranoia. The reader never finds out exactly why the creepy eyeball haunts the narrator. He explains that he does not know why he feels this anger towards the old man because the old man has never wronged him but he has built up hostility towards the old man and his eerie eye. This adds the element of distress and obscurity to the story. The narrator remarks, â€Å"And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over acuteness of the senses? † Eventually the eyeball haunts the narrator to the point that his disturbed thoughts cause him to murder the old man. He believes that this will help him escape the terror of the eyeball but in reality it does the exact opposite. The eyeball is no longer staring at him but his guilty conscious is shining a bright spotlight on him. This portrays the Dark Romantic idea that every human has a dark side. The dark side of a person can cause them to do things for no apparent reason. Dark Romanticism was quite different from the literature that emerged from the Transcendentalist and Puritanism period. Dark Romantics often concentrated on the tragic dimension of life. Instead of reading about characters that were one with nature, God and themselves, readers were hearing tales of corrupted individuals at war with their thoughts. Dark Romantics focused on the menacing side of mankind. They pointed out that humans have their flaws and things will not always go as planned. Dark Romanticism helped to illustrate the idea that evil not only exists in external forms but it also exists inside the mind of mankind. Unlike Puritans, Dark Romantics saw evil living inside of human beings, not something that God presented individuals with to help restore their grace with God. This suggestion was not explored until Dark Romantics took the reigns of literature and put a whole different spin on the way readers think about mankind and human nature. Dark Romanticism was a rejection of Transcendentalism’s sanguine outlook on life. The beliefs of the Transcendentalists were far too confident and narcissistic for Dark Romantics to identify with. The Dark Romantics did not believe that humans had perfection running through their veins at all times. They instead believed that individuals possess the ability to sin. They stressed the fact that no man is perfect. Many Dark Romantics understood that evil and terror lived inside the minds of people. People like Althrope and the delusional narrator from â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† personify the weakness and paranoia corrupting the thoughts of individuals that seem innocent on the outside. Dark Romantics looked past the beauty of things. They painted the portrait of darkness living in people’s unconscious thoughts. Evil takes shape in many shady and mysterious ways in Dark Romantic poetry and prose. For this reason, the literature of this period can definitely claim its sinister name.

Characteristics Of Major Agro Ecological Zones Environmental Sciences Essay

Characteristics Of Major Agro Ecological Zones Environmental Sciences Essay Africa is a very large continent with extremely wide range of soils (Bationo et al., 2006). The soils range from shallow with meager life-sustaining capacities to deeply weathered profiles that recycle and support large biomass. In many parts of Africa, inappropriate land use, poor management and lack of inputs have led to soil erosion, salinization and loss of vegetation resulting in a decline of agricultural productivity (Bationo et al., 2006). In Africa and particularly Southern Africa, the most limiting factor to agricultural productivity is soil fertility (Ramaru et al., 2000). Soil fertility is defined as a condition of the soil that enables it to provide nutrients in adequate amounts and in proper balance for the growth of specified plants when other growth factors, such as light, water, temperature, and physical, chemical and biological conditions of soil, are favorable (van der Watt and van Rooyen, 1995). Large areas of sub-Saharan African (SSA) soils, in particular, are af fected by various types of degradation, including fertility decline (FAO, 2001). Soil fertility decline is a deterioration of chemical, physical and biological soil properties. The main contributing processes, besides soil erosion, are: decline in organic matter and soil biological activity; degradation of soil structure and loss of other soil physical qualities; reduction in availability of major nutrients (N, P, K) and micro-nutrients; and increase in toxicity, due to acidification or pollution (FAO, 2001). Soils in most of SSA have inherently low fertility and do not receive adequate nutrient replenishment (FAO, 2001). The SSA has the lowest mineral fertilizer consumption, about 10 kg nutrients (N, P2O5, K2O)/ha per year, compared to the world average of 90 kg, 60 kg in the Near East and 130 kg/ha per year in Asia (Stoorvogel and Smaling, 1990). Agricultural growth in sub-Saharan African countries slightly increased over the past three decades, although not in line with the high population growth rate (FAO, 2001). Food production per capita in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has declined since the 1970s, in contrast with the increase in Asia and South America (Figure 1.1). Soil productivity in SSA is also constrained by aridity (low rainfall) and acidity (FAO, 2001) (Table 1.1). South Africa has to face high population growth, poverty, accelerated soil degradation and increasing pressure on land (FAO, 1999b) (Table 1.1). Depletion of soil fertility, along with the related problems of weeds, pests, and diseases, is a major biophysical cause of low per capita food production in Africa. This is the result of the breakdown of traditional practices and the low priority given by governments to the rural sector (Sanchez, 1997). The 1996 World Food Summit highlighted sub-Saharan Africa as the remaining region in the world with decreasing food production per capita (Figure 1.1). The worst levels of poverty and malnutrition in the world exist in this region (Sanchez et al., 1997). A team of scientists has identified declining soil fertility as the fundamental agronomic cause for declining food productivity in Africa. A â€Å"Soil Fertility Initiative for Africa† has been created by a group of international organizations including the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Center for Research on Agroforestry (ICRAF), International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), International Fertilizer Association (IFA), and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

Management Society and new forms of work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Society and new forms of work - Essay Example Analysis The author draws on the real subsumption notion of Marxism. This argument claims that the capitalistic regime will eventually be hard pressed to absorb all the labour it produces. The author claims that the phenomena in the digital/new economy whereby internet users become active participants in the development of content and/or software (Terranova 2004). The argument here is that many difficulties arise from this relationship. While the difficulties may present a problem, under close inspection, this argument collapses in view of Adam Smith’s contention that man is driven by his own desire to better his/her lot and society becomes better as a result (Raphael 1985). It can thus be argued that the content developing users of the internet are only striving to make the sites better off for them and in the process benefitting all of us. This is a significant improvement in innovativeness that has been brought about by the interconnectivity in the new business environments . The traditional organization structures are changing. With the emergence of new thoughts and bold maverick entrepreneurs emerging to experiment with new structures and often emerging successful, more and more companies are bond to pick up the trend. Andrew Ross’s study of the ‘silicon valley’ analyzed companies like Razorfish which had open managements and was able to induce over enthusiasm in its workers and increase production (Ross 1988). These advances redefine management and employer employee relations and have succeeded in making workers feel ownership more than traditional setups. This is a direct rebuttal by the innovative capitalists to its opponents of the sixties who argued that labour in capitalist states was repetitive and dull. With the new age of information technology, one does not even require to have met their boss; a company can outsource certain functions across continents without anybody having left the office. This has resulted in more fle xible and stimulating working experiences and the productivity of all parties becomes markedly enhanced. Influences of the management theory reform movement have informed most of the new economy’s decisions. The emphasis on the value of giving workers more liberty in driving the production process through new management structure has paid off. Decentralized institutions and ones which delegate a lot has proved to be more productive in the long run. Arguably, this draws from the ‘biological turn’ discovery. The argument that it is possible to contain and direct human effort and the creativity of the masses has considerable promise, elective and moderate application of pressure is the means to achieving this. It is highly possible to harness production from workforces without necessarily having the congregated at a particular territory. As such even the office as we know it today is bound to change. With this in mind, it can also be said that the Bionomic view of t he economy as a chaotic but self organizing ecology and organizations intelligent and social beings and that the ultimate boost to the bottom line will come from organizational learning. Looking at the internet as an example of this, a lot of truth in the view is evidenced. The internet expands and mutates without the control of any planners, managers, and in essence not a single person in charge. This can be a reference for any company that favors bottom